Big telematics data network communication fault identification device

ABSTRACT

Apparatus, device, methods and system relating to a vehicular telemetry environment for the for identifying in real time unpredictable network communication faults based upon pre-processed raw telematics big data logs that may include GPS data and an indication of vehicle status data, and supplemental data that may further include location data and network data.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATION

This patent application is a continuation-in-part patent application toU.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/757,112 filed on Nov. 20, 2015.

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention generally relates to a big telematics data device,method and system for application in vehicular telemetry environments.More specifically, the present invention relates to a mobile device realtime big telematics data network communication fault identificationsystem.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Vehicular Telemetry systems are known in the prior art where a vehiclemay be equipped with a vehicular telemetry hardware device to monitorand log a range of vehicle parameters. An example of such a device is aGeotab™ GO device. The Geotab GO device interfaces to the vehiclethrough an on-board diagnostics (OBD) port to gain access to the vehiclenetwork and engine control unit. Once interfaced and operational, theGeotab GO device monitors the vehicle bus and creates of log of rawvehicle data. The Geotab GO device may be further enhanced through aGeotab I/O expander to access and monitor other variables, sensors anddevices resulting in a more complex and larger log of raw data.Additionally, the Geotab GO device may further include a GPS capabilityfor tracking and logging raw GPS data. The Geotab GO device may alsoinclude an accelerometer for monitoring and logging raw accelerometerdata. The real time operation of a plurality of Geotab GO devicescreates and communicates multiple complex logs of some or all of thiscombined raw data to a remote site for subsequent analysis.

The data is considered to be big telematics data due to the complexityof the raw data, the velocity of the raw data, the variety of the rawdata, the variability of the raw data and the significant volume of rawdata that is communicated to a remote site on a timely basis. Forexample, on 10 Dec. 2014 there were approximately 250,000 Geotab GOdevices in active operation monitoring, tracking and communicatingmultiple complex logs of raw telematics big data to a Geotab datacenter. The volume of raw telematics big data in a single day exceeded300 million records and more than 40 GB of raw telematics big data.

The past approach for transforming the big telematics raw data into aformat for use with a SQL database and corresponding analytics processwas to delay and copy each full day of big telematics raw data to aseparate database where the big telematics raw data could be processedand decoded into a format that could provide meaningful value in ananalytics process. This past approach is resource consuming and istypically run during the night when the number of active Geotab GOdevices is at a minimum. In this example, the processing and decoding ofthe big telematics raw data required more that 12 hours for each day ofbig telematics raw data. The analytics process and corresponding usefulinformation to fleet managers performing fleet management activities isat least 1.5 days old, negatively influencing any real time sensitivefleet management decisions.

Past approaches to monitoring big time telematics data for networkcommunication faults were previously limited due to the processing anddelays in receipt of data. These data delays and a lack of augmented orsupplemented data also impaired the ability to determine the location ofa network communication fault based upon real time mobile devicecoordinates.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to aspects in a vehicular telemetryenvironment. The present invention provides a new capability for amobile device real time big telematics data network communication faultidentification system.

According to a broad aspect of the invention, there is a telematicsnetwork communication fault identification device. The device includesat least one mobile device. The mobile device capable of communicatingat least one of a signal or data or a message with a remote device. Themobile device includes an expected communication mode state for timelycommunication of the at least one of a signal or data or message withthe remote device. The remote device including a communication faultdetermination state. The communication fault determination statemonitors expected communication for each of the at least one mobiledevice and the communication fault determination state monitors actualcommunication for each of the at least on mobile device to determine afault when the actual communication is different from expectedcommunication.

The expected communication mode state may include an active mode stateand an inactive mode state. The inactive mode state may further includea sleep state. The inactive mode state may further include a deep sleepstate. The active mode state may further include a first timelycommunication period for communicating with the remote device. The sleepstate may further include a second timely communication period forcommunicating with the remote device. The deep sleep state may furtherinclude a third timely communication period for communication the remotedevice. The first timely communication period may further establish afirst expected communication. The second timely communication period mayfurther establish a second expected communication. The third timelycommunication period may further establish a third expectedcommunication. In an embodiment of the invention, the first expectedcommunication is a period of 100 seconds. In an embodiment of theinvention, the second expected communication is a period of 1800seconds. In an embodiment of the invention, the third expectedcommunication is a period of 86,400 seconds. The expected communicationmode state may further include a plurality of timely communicationperiods. The plurality of timely communication periods may further bedifferent time intervals. The different time intervals may furtherinclude at least one frequency of communication. In an embodiment of theinvention, the at least one frequency of communication includes a periodof 100 seconds. In another embodiment of the invention, the at least onefrequency of communication includes a period of 1800 seconds. In anotherembodiment of the invention, the at least one frequency of communicationincludes a period of 86,400 seconds.

The mobile device may further include a positional device, thepositional device for including a position indication of the mobiledevice with the communicating at least one of a signal or data ormessage wherein the remote device determines a location of acommunication fault by a last known position indication of the mobiledevice.

The method may further include the at least one first concurrent processdetermining an active mode or an inactive mode by detecting a vehiclestatus. The detecting a vehicle status may further be based upon anignition status of a vehicle. The vehicle status may further provide anindication to set an active mode. The active mode may further include afirst timely communication period for communicating with the at leastone remote device. The vehicle status may further provide an indicationto set an inactive mode. The inactive mode may further include a secondtimely communication period for communicating with the at least oneremote device. The inactive mode may further include a third timelycommunication period for communication with the at least one remotedevice. The inactive mode may further include a second expectedcommunication and a third expected communication. In an embodiment ofthe invention, the second expected communication and the third expectedcommunication may be further based upon a time of 86,400 seconds andupon exceeding the time of 86,400 seconds, transitioning the secondexpected communication to the third expected communication. The secondconcurrent process may further determine either an active mode or aninactive mode for each of the at least one mobile device. The activemode and the inactive mode may be further determined from the signal, ordata, or message. An ignition status of a vehicle may be furthercontained in the signal, or data, or message to determine an active modeor an inactive mode. The active mode may further include a first timelycommunication period for communicating with the remote device. Theinactive mode may further include a second timely communication periodfor communication with the at least one remote device. The inactive modemay further include a third timely communication period forcommunication with the at least one remote device.

The at least one expected communication period may be further based uponan active mode. The active mode may further include a first timelycommunication period for communicating with the remote device. The atleast one expected communication period may be further based upon aninactive mode. The inactive mode may further include a second timelycommunication period for communicating with the remote device. Theinactive mode may further include a third timely communication periodfor communicating with the remote device.

In an embodiment of the invention, the mobile device is a telemetryhardware system 30. The telemetry hardware system 30 includes a DTEtelemetry microprocessor 31, a communications microprocessor 32 andmemory. The communications microprocessor 32 may be enabled for cellularcommunications, satellite communications or another form ofcommunications for communication with a remote device. The telemetryhardware system 30 may also include an I/O expander 50. A positionaldevice may be integral to the telemetry hardware system 30, such as theGPS module 33 or the positional device may be accessible through themessaging interface 53 or an I/O expander 50. The telemetry hardwaresystem 30 may also include an accelerometer 34. An example mobile deviceis a Geotab™ GO device.

In an embodiment of the invention, the remote device is at least onespecial purpose server 19 with application software. In alternativeembodiments, the remote device may be one or more computing devices 20(desktop computers, hand held device computers, smart phone computers,tablet computers, notebook computers, wearable devices and othercomputer devices with application software). The application may beresident with the remote device 44 or accessible through cloudcomputing. One example of application software is the MyGeotab™ fleetmanagement application.

In an embodiment of the invention, the signal, data, or message is acommunication that includes signals, data and/or commands. Personsskilled in the art that other forms of communication are contemplated bythe inventions. In an embodiment of the invention, the data is in theform of a historical log of data and information.

In an embodiment of the invention, vehicle status is based upon vehicledata and information. An example vehicle status is the ignition statusof either “ON” or “OFF”. Vehicle status may also be selected from one ormore other indicators of vehicle status from the vehicle data andinformation.

These and other aspects and features of non-limiting embodiments areapparent to those skilled in the art upon review of the followingdetailed description of the non-limiting embodiments and theaccompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Exemplary non-limiting embodiments of the present invention aredescribed with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a high level diagrammatic view of a vehicular telemetry dataenvironment and infrastructure;

FIG. 2a is a diagrammatic view of a vehicular telemetry hardware systemincluding an on-board portion and a resident vehicular portion;

FIG. 2b is a diagrammatic view of a vehicular telemetry hardware systemcommunicating with at least one intelligent I/O expander;

FIG. 2c is a diagrammatic view of a vehicular telemetry hardware systemwith an integral Bluetooth™ module capable of communication with atleast one beacon module;

FIG. 2d is a diagrammatic view of at least on intelligent I/O expanderwith an integral Bluetooth module capable of communication with at leastone beacon module;

FIG. 2e is a diagrammatic view of an intelligent I/O expander and devicecapable of communication with at least one beacon module;

FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic view of a vehicular telemetry analyticalenvironment including a network, mobile devices, servers and computingdevices;

FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic view of a vehicular telemetry networkillustrating raw telematics big data flow between the mobile devices andservers;

FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic view of a vehicular telemetry networkillustrating analytical big telematics data flow between the servers andcomputing devices;

FIG. 6a is a diagrammatic representation of an embodiment of theanalytical big telematics data constructor;

FIG. 6b is a diagrammatic representation of an embodiment of theanalytical big telematics data constructor illustrating a plurality ofpreserve data type;

FIG. 6c is a diagrammatic representation of another embodiment of theanalytical big telematics data constructor further illustrating aplurality of alter data and amended data types;

FIG. 7a is a diagrammatic representation of another embodiment of theanalytical big telematics data constructor further illustrating a firstbuffer to accommodate the data amender and receipt of the raw telematicsbig data and the supplemental data;

FIG. 7b is a diagrammatic representation of another embodiment of theanalytical big telematics data constructor further illustrating a secondbuffer to accommodate a delay or errors in data flow through theanalytical big telematics data constructor;

FIG. 7c is a diagrammatic representation of another embodiment of theanalytical big telematics data constructor further illustrating acombination of the first and second buffer;

FIG. 8a is a diagrammatic representation of another embodiment of theanalytical big telematics data constructor further illustrating a pairof supplemental information servers for translation data andaugmentation data;

FIG. 8b is a diagrammatic representation of another embodiment of theanalytical big telematics data constructor further illustrating onesupplemental information server for translation data;

FIG. 8c is a diagrammatic representation of another embodiment of theanalytical big telematics data constructor further illustrating onesupplemental information server for augmentation data;

FIG. 9a is a diagrammatic representation of another embodiment of theanalytical big telematics data constructor further illustrating a firstbuffer to accommodate the data amender and a pair of supplementalinformation servers for translation data and augmentation data;

FIG. 9b is a diagrammatic representation of another embodiment of theanalytical big telematics data constructor further illustrating a firstbuffer to accommodate the data amender and one supplemental informationserver for translation data;

FIG. 9c is a diagrammatic representation of another embodiment of theanalytical big telematics data constructor further illustrating a firstbuffer to accommodate the data amender and one supplemental informationserver for augmentation data;

FIG. 10a is a diagrammatic representation of another embodiment of theanalytical big telematics data constructor further illustrating a firstbuffer to accommodate the data amender, a second buffer to accommodate adelay or errors in data flow through the analytical big telematics dataconstructor and a pair of supplemental information servers fortranslation data and augmentation data;

FIG. 10b is a diagrammatic representation of another embodiment of theanalytical big telematics data constructor further illustrating a firstbuffer to accommodate the data amender, a second buffer to accommodate adelay or errors in data flow through the analytical big telematics dataconstructor and one supplemental information server for translationdata;

FIG. 10c is a diagrammatic representation of another embodiment of theanalytical big telematics data constructor further illustrating a firstbuffer to accommodate the data amender, a second buffer to accommodate adelay or errors in data flow through the analytical big telematics dataconstructor and one supplemental information server for augmentationdata;

FIG. 11 is a diagrammatic representation of another embodiment of theinvention illustrating examples of raw telematics big data, translationdata, augmentation data and analytics big telematics data;

FIG. 12a is a diagrammatic state machine representation of the real timeanalytical big telematics data constructing logic;

FIG. 12b is a diagrammatic state machine representation of the real timeanalytical big telematics data constructing logic further illustrating anumber of data amender sub-states;

FIG. 12c is a diagrammatic state machine representation of the real timeanalytical big telematics data constructing logic further illustratingan example pair of data amender sub-states for translate data andaugment data;

FIG. 13a is a diagrammatic representation of the data segregator statelogic and tasks for sequential processing;

FIG. 13b is an alternate diagrammatic representation of the datasegregator state logic and tasks for parallel processing;

FIG. 13c is a diagrammatic representation of the data amender statelogic and tasks;

FIG. 13d is a diagrammatic representation of the data amalgamator statelogic and tasks for sequential processing;

FIG. 13e is a diagrammatic representation of the data amalgamator statelogic and tasks for parallel processing;

FIG. 13f is a diagrammatic representation of the data transfer statelogic and tasks;

FIG. 14a is a diagrammatic representation of a state representation fordetermining a network communication fault based upon expectedcommunications and actual communications;

FIG. 14b , is a diagrammatic representation of data preprocessing fordetermining a network communication fault based upon expectedcommunication and a period of actual communication;

FIG. 15 is a diagrammatic representation of expected communicationperiod determination logic for a mobile device;

FIG. 16a is a diagrammatic representation of the remote device logic fordetermining the active or inactive state of each mobile device;

FIG. 16b is a diagrammatic representation of the remote device logic fordetermining the expected communication for each mobile device;

FIG. 16c is a diagrammatic representation of the remote device logic fordetermining a fault based upon the expected communication and the actualcommunication; and

FIG. 17 is a diagrammatic representation of the remote device networkcommunication fault indication logic.

The drawings are not necessarily to scale and may be diagrammaticrepresentations of the exemplary non-limiting embodiments of the presentinvention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Vehicular Telemetry Environment & Infrastructure

Referring to FIG. 1 of the drawings, there is illustrated a high leveloverview of a vehicular telemetry environment and infrastructure. Thereis at least one vehicle generally indicated at 11. The vehicle 11includes a vehicular telemetry hardware system 30 and a residentvehicular portion 42. Optionally connected to the telemetry hardwaresystem 30 is at least one intelligent I/O expander 50 (not shown). Inaddition, there may be at least one Bluetooth module 45 (not shown) forcommunication with at least one of the vehicular telemetry hardwaresystem 30 or the intelligent I/O expander 50.

The vehicular telemetry hardware system 30 monitors and logs a firstcategory of raw telematics data known as vehicle data. The vehiculartelemetry hardware system 30 may also monitor and log a second categoryof raw telematics data known as GPS coordinate data. The vehiculartelemetry hardware system 30 may also monitor and log a third categoryof raw telematics data known as accelerometer data.

The intelligent I/O expander 50 may also monitor a fourth category ofraw expander data. A fourth category of raw data may also be provided tothe vehicular telemetry hardware system 30 for logging as raw telematicsdata.

The Bluetooth module 45 may also be in periodic communication with atleast one Bluetooth beacon 21. The at least one Bluetooth beacon may beattached or affixed or associated with at least one object associatedwith the vehicle 11 to provide a range of indications concerning theobjects. These objects include, but are not limited to packages,equipment, drivers and support personnel. The Bluetooth module 45provides this fifth category of raw Bluetooth object data to thevehicular telemetry hardware system 30 either directly or indirectlythrough an intelligent I/O expander 50 for subsequent logging as rawtelematics data.

Persons skilled in the art appreciate the five categories of data areillustrative and may further include other categories of data. In thiscontext, a category of raw telematics data is a grouping orclassification of a type of similar data. A category may be a completeset of raw telematics data or a subset of the raw telematics data. Forexample, GPS coordinate data is a group or type of similar data.Accelerometer data is another group or type of similar data. A log mayinclude both GPS coordinate data and accelerometer data or a log may beseparate data. Persons skilled in the art also appreciate the makeup,format and variety of each log of raw telematics data in each of thefive categories is complex and significantly different. The amount ofdata in each of the five categories is also significantly different andthe frequency and timing for communicating the data may vary greatly.Persons skilled in the art further appreciate the monitoring, loggingand the communication of multiple logs or raw telematics data results inthe creation of raw telematics big data.

The vehicular telemetry environment and infrastructure also providescommunication and exchange of raw telematics data, information,commands, and messages between the at least one special purpose server19, at least one computing device 20 (desktop computers, hand helddevice computers, smart phone computers, tablet computers, notebookcomputers, wearable devices and other computing devices), and vehicles11. In one example, the communication 12 is to/from a satellite 13. Thesatellite 13 in turn communicates with a ground-based system 15connected to a computer network 18. In another example, thecommunication 16 is to/from a cellular network 17 connected to thecomputer network 18. Further examples of communication devices includeWi-Fi devices and Bluetooth devices connected to the computer network18.

Computing device 20 and special purpose server 19 with correspondingapplication software communicate over the computer network 18. In anembodiment of the invention, the MyGeotab™ fleet management applicationsoftware runs on a special purpose server 19. The application softwaremay also be based upon Cloud computing. Clients operating a computingdevice 20 communicate with the MyGeotab fleet management applicationsoftware running on the special purpose server 19. Data, information,messages and commands may be sent and received over the communicationenvironment and infrastructure between the vehicular telemetry hardwaresystem 30 and the special purpose server 19.

Data and information may be sent from the vehicular telemetry hardwaresystem 30 to the cellular network 17, to the computer network 18, and tothe at least one special purpose server 19. Computing devices 20 mayaccess the data and information on the special purpose servers 19.Alternatively, data, information, and commands may be sent from the atleast one special purpose server 19, to the network 18, to the cellularnetwork 17, and to the vehicular telemetry hardware system 30.

Data and information may also be sent from vehicular telemetry hardwaresystem to an intelligent I/O expander 50, to an Iridium™ device, thesatellite 13, the ground based station 15, the computer network 18, andto the at least one special purpose server 19. Computing devices 20 mayaccess data and information on the special purpose servers 19. Data,information, and commands may also be sent from the at least one specialpurpose server 19, to the computer network 18, the ground based station15, the satellite 13, an Iridium device, to an intelligent I/O expander50, and to a vehicular telemetry hardware system.

Vehicular Telemetry Hardware System

Referring now to FIG. 2a of the drawings, there is illustrated avehicular telemetry hardware system generally indicated at 30. Theon-board portion generally includes: a DTE (data terminal equipment)telemetry microprocessor 31; a DCE (data communications equipment)wireless telemetry communications microprocessor 32; a GPS (globalpositioning system) module 33; an accelerometer 34; a non-volatilememory 35; and provision for an OBD (on board diagnostics) interface 36for communication 43 with a vehicle network communications bus 37.

The resident vehicular portion 42 generally includes: the vehiclenetwork communications bus 37; the ECM (electronic control module) 38;the PCM (power train control module) 40; the ECUs (electronic controlunits) 41; and other engine control/monitor computers andmicrocontrollers 39.

While the system is described as having an on-board portion 30 and aresident vehicular portion 42, it is also understood that this could beeither a complete resident vehicular system or a complete on-boardsystem.

The DTE telemetry microprocessor 31 is interconnected with the OBDinterface 36 for communication with the vehicle network communicationsbus 37. The vehicle network communications bus 37 in turn connects forcommunication with the ECM 38, the engine control/monitor computers andmicrocontrollers 39, the PCM 40, and the ECU 41.

The DTE telemetry microprocessor 31 has the ability through the OBDinterface 36 when connected to the vehicle network communications bus 37to monitor and receive vehicle data and information from the residentvehicular system components for further processing.

As a brief non-limiting example of a first category of raw telematicsvehicle data and information, the list may include but is not limitedto: a VIN (vehicle identification number), current odometer reading,current speed, engine RPM, battery voltage, engine coolant temperature,engine coolant level, accelerator peddle position, brake peddleposition, various manufacturer specific vehicle DTCs (diagnostic troublecodes), tire pressure, oil level, airbag status, seatbelt indication,emission control data, engine temperature, intake manifold pressure,transmission data, braking information, mass air flow indications andfuel level. It is further understood that the amount and type of rawvehicle data and information will change from manufacturer tomanufacturer and evolve with the introduction of additional vehiculartechnology.

Continuing now with the DTE telemetry microprocessor 31, it is furtherinterconnected for communication with the DCE wireless telemetrycommunications microprocessor 32. In an embodiment of the invention, anexample of the DCE wireless telemetry communications microprocessor 32is a Leon 100 commercially available from u-blox Corporation. The Leon100 provides mobile communications capability and functionality to thevehicular telemetry hardware system 30 for sending and receiving datato/from a remote system 44. A remote site 44 could be another vehicle ora ground based station. The ground-based station may include one or morespecial purpose servers 19 connected through a computer network 18 (seeFIG. 1). In addition, the ground-based station may include computerapplication software for data acquisition, analysis, andsending/receiving commands to/from the vehicular telemetry hardwaresystem 30.

The DTE telemetry microprocessor 31 is also interconnected forcommunication to the GPS module 33. In an embodiment of the invention,an example of the GPS module 33 is a Neo-5 commercially available fromu-blox Corporation. The Neo-5 provides GPS receiver capability andfunctionality to the vehicular telemetry hardware system 30. The GPSmodule 33 provides the latitude and longitude coordinates as a secondcategory of raw telematics data and information.

The DTE telemetry microprocessor 31 is further interconnected with anexternal non-volatile memory 35. In an embodiment of the invention, anexample of the memory 35 is a 32 MB non-volatile memory storecommercially available from Atmel Corporation. The memory 35 of thepresent invention is used for logging raw data.

The DTE telemetry microprocessor 31 is further interconnected forcommunication with an accelerometer 34. An accelerometer (34) is adevice that measures the physical acceleration experienced by an object.Single and multi-axis models of accelerometers are available to detectthe magnitude and direction of the acceleration, or g-force, and thedevice may also be used to sense orientation, coordinate acceleration,vibration, shock, and falling. The accelerometer 34 provides this dataand information as a third category of raw telematics data.

In an embodiment of the invention, an example of a multi-axisaccelerometer (34) is the LIS302DL MEMS Motion Sensor commerciallyavailable from STMicroelectronics. The LIS302DL integrated circuit is anultra compact low-power three axes linear accelerometer that includes asensing element and an IC interface able to take the information fromthe sensing element and to provide the measured acceleration data toother devices, such as a DTE Telemetry Microprocessor (31), through anI2C/SPI (Inter-Integrated Circuit) (Serial Peripheral Interface) serialinterface. The LIS302DL integrated circuit has a user-selectablefull-scale range of +−2 g and +−8 g, programmable thresholds, and iscapable of measuring accelerations with an output data rate of 100 Hz or400 Hz.

In an embodiment of the invention, the DTE telemetry microprocessor 31also includes an amount of internal memory for storing firmware thatexecutes in part, methods to operate and control the overall vehiculartelemetry hardware system 30. In addition, the microprocessor 31 andfirmware log data, format messages, receive messages, and convert orreformat messages. In an embodiment of the invention, an example of aDTE telemetry microprocessor 31 is a PIC24H microcontroller commerciallyavailable from Microchip Corporation.

Referring now to FIG. 2b of the drawings, there is illustrated avehicular telemetry hardware system generally indicated at 30 furthercommunicating with at least one intelligent I/O expander 50. In thisembodiment, the vehicular telemetry hardware system 30 includes amessaging interface 53. The messaging interface 53 is connected to theDTE telemetry microprocessor 31. In addition, a messaging interface 53in an intelligent I/O expander 50 may be connected by the private bus55. The private bus 55 permits messages to be sent and received betweenthe vehicular telemetry hardware system 30 and the intelligent I/Oexpander, or a plurality of I/O expanders (not shown). The intelligentI/O expander hardware system 50 also includes a microprocessor 51 andmemory 52. Alternatively, the intelligent I/O expander hardware system50 includes a microcontroller 51. A microcontroller includes a CPU, RAM,ROM and peripherals. Persons skilled in the art appreciate the termprocessor contemplates either a microprocessor and memory or amicrocontroller in all embodiments of the disclosed hardware (vehicletelemetry hardware system 30, intelligent I/O expander hardware system50, Bluetooth module 45 (FIG. 2c ) and Bluetooth beacon 21 (FIG. 2c )).The microprocessor 51 is also connected to the messaging interface 53and the configurable multi-device interface 54. In an embodiment of theinvention, a microcontroller 51 is an LPC1756 32 bit ARM Cortec-M3device with up to 512 KB of program memory and 64 KB SRAM. The LPC1756also includes four UARTs, two CAN 2.0B channels, a 12-bit analog todigital converter, and a 10 bit digital to analog converter. In analternative embodiment, the intelligent I/O expander hardware system 50may include text to speech hardware and associated firmware (notillustrated) for audio output of a message to an operator of a vehicle11.

The microprocessor 51 and memory 52 cooperate to monitor at least onedevice 60 (a device 62 and interface 61) communicating 56 with theintelligent I/O expander 50 over the configurable multi device interface54. Data and information from the device 60 may be provided over themessaging interface 53 to the vehicular telemetry hardware system 30where the data and information is retained in the log of raw telematicsdata. Data and information from a device 60 associated with anintelligent I/O expander provides the 4^(th) category of raw expanderdata and may include, but not limited to, traffic data, hours of servicedata, near field communication data such as driver identification,vehicle sensor data (distance, time, amount of material (solid, liquid),truck scale weight data, driver distraction data, remote worker data,school bus warning lights, and doors open/closed.

Referring now to FIGS. 2C, 2D and 2 e, there are three alternativeembodiments relating to the Bluetooth module 45 and Bluetooth beacon 21for monitoring and receiving the 5th category of raw beacon data. TheBluetooth module 45 includes a microprocessor 142, memory 144 and radiomodule 146. The microprocessor 142, memory 144 and associated firmwareprovide monitoring of Bluetooth beacon data and information andsubsequent communication of the Bluetooth beacon data, either directlyor indirectly through an intelligent I/O expander 50, to a vehiculartelemetry hardware system 30.

In an embodiment, the Bluetooth module 45 is integral with the vehiculartelemetry hardware system 30. Data and information is communicated 130directly from the Bluetooth beacon 21 to the vehicular telemetryhardware system 30. In an alternate embodiment, the Bluetooth module 45is integral with the intelligent I/O expander. Data and information iscommunicated 130 directly to the intelligent I/O expander 50 and thenthrough the messaging interface 53 to the vehicular telemetry hardwaresystem 30. In another alternate embodiment, the Bluetooth module 45includes an interface 148 for communication 56 to the configurablemulti-device interface 54 of the intelligent I/O expander 50. Data andinformation is communicated 130 directly to the Bluetooth module 45,then communicated 56 to the intelligent I/O expander and finallycommunicated 55 to the vehicular telemetry hardware system 30.

Data and information from a Bluetooth beacon 21 provides the 5thcategory of raw telematics data and may include data and informationconcerning an object associated with a Bluetooth beacon 21. This dataand information includes, but is not limited to, object accelerationdata, object temperature data, battery level data, object pressure data,object luminance data and user defined object sensor data. This 5thcategory of data may be used to indicate damage to an article or ahazardous condition to an article.

Vehicular Telemetry Analytical Environment

Referring now to FIGS. 3, 4 and 5, the vehicular telemetry analyticalenvironment is further described. The map 50 illustrates a number ofvehicles 11 (A through K) operating in real time. For example, Geotabpresently has approximately 500,000 Geotab GO devices operating in 70countries communicating multiple complex logs of raw telematics data tothe special purpose server 19. Each of the vehicles 11 has at least avehicular telemetry hardware system 30 installed and operational withthe vehicle 11. Alternatively, some or all of the vehicles 11 mayfurther include an intelligent I/O expander 50 communicating with avehicular telemetry hardware system 30. The intelligent I/O expander 50may further include devices 60 communicating with the intelligent I/Oexpander 50 and vehicular telemetry hardware system 30. Alternatively, aBluetooth module 45 may be included with one of the vehicular telemetryhardware system 30, the device 60, or the intelligent I/O expander 50.When a Bluetooth module 45 is included, then Bluetooth beacons 21 mayfurther communicate data with the Bluetooth module 45. Collectively,these alternative embodiments and different configurations ofspecialized hardware generate in real time the raw telematics big data.The vehicular telemetry hardware system 30 is capable to communicate theraw telematics big data over the network 18 to other special purposeservers 19 and computing devices 20. Communication of the raw telematicsbig data may occur at pre-defined intervals. Communication may also betriggered because of an event such as an accident. Communication may beperiodic or aperiodic. Communication may also be further requested by acommand sent from a special purpose server 19 or a computing device 20.Each vehicle 11 will provide a log of category 1 raw data through thevehicular telemetry hardware system 30. Then, dependent upon thespecific configuration previously described, each vehicle 11 may furtheralso include in a log, at least one of category 2, category 3, category4 and category 5 raw telematics data through the vehicular telemetryhardware system 30.

A number of special purpose servers 19 are also part of the vehiculartelemetry analytical environment and communicate over the network 18.The special purpose servers 19 may be one server, more than one server,distributed, Cloud based or portioned into specific types offunctionality such as a supplemental information server 52, externalthird party servers, a store and forward server 54 and an analyticsserver 56. Computing devices 20 may also communicate with the specialpurpose servers 19 over the network 18.

In an embodiment of the invention, the logs of raw telematics data arecommunicated from a plurality of vehicles in real time and received by aserver 54 with a store and forward capability as raw telematics big data(RTbD). In an embodiment of the invention, an analytical telematics bigdata constructor 55 is disposed with the server 54. The analyticaltelematics big data constructor 55 receives the raw telematics big data(RTbD) either directly or indirectly from the server 54. The analyticaltelematics big data constructor 55 has access to supplemental data (SD)located either directly or indirectly on a supplemental informationserver 52. Alternatively, the supplemental data (SD) may be disposedwith the server 54. The analytical telematics big data constructor 55transforms the raw telematics big data (RTbD) into analytical telematicsbig data (ATbD) for use with a server 56 having big data analyticalcapability 56. An example of such capability is the Google™ BigQuerytechnology. Then, computing devices 20 may access the analyticaltelematics big data (ATbD) in real time to perform fleet managementqueries and reporting. The server 56 with analytic capability may be asingle analytics server or a plurality of analytic servers 56 a, 56 b,and 56 c.

One example of transforming the raw telematics big data (RTbD) intoanalytical telematics big data (ATbD) is for performing queries andreporting concerning a mobile device communication fault with respect toa communications network. The raw telematics big data (RTbD) contains atleast one GPS location of the mobile device and associated vehicle(latitude and longitude information). Supplemental information in theform of supplemental data (SD) may then add a particular location of thevehicle (road or street or address) on a map as illustrated in FIG. 4with respect to the vehicle icons A through K inclusive. In addition,the supplemental data (SD) may also be applied to illustrate differentcommunication zones or communication areas 51 on the map 50. Thispermits a correlation between a vehicle or mobile device location on themap with respect to the communication zone or area 51. Should a mobiledevice have a communication problem, the communication zone or area 51may be identified from an analysis of the big data.

Analytical Telematics Big Data Constructor

Referring now to FIG. 6a , an embodiment of the analytical telematicsbig data constructor 55 is described. Persons skilled in the artappreciate that the analytical telematics big data constructor 55 may bea stand-alone device with a microprocessor, memory, firmware or softwarewith communications capability. Alternatively, the analytical telematicsbig data constructor 55 may be integral with a special purpose server,for example a store and forward server 54. Alternatively, the analyticaltelematics big data constructor 55 may be associated or integral with avehicle telemetry hardware system 30. Alternatively, the functionalityof the analytical telematics big data constructor 55 may be a Cloudbased resource. Alternatively, there may be one or more analyticaltelematics big data constructors 55 for transforming in real time theraw telematics big data (RTbD) into analytical telematics big data(ATbD).

The analytical telematics big data constructor 55 receives in real timethe raw telematics big data (RTbD) into a data segregator. The rawtelematics big data (RTbD) is a mixed log of raw telematics data andincludes category 1 raw vehicle data and at least one of category 2,category 3, category 4 or category 5 raw telematics data. Personsskilled in the art appreciate there may be more or less than fivecategories of raw telematics data. The data segregator processes eachlog of raw telematics data and identifies or separates the data intopreserve data and alter data in real time. This is performed on acategory-by-category basis, or alternatively, on a sub-category basis.The preserve data is provided in the raw format to a data amalgamator.The alter data is provided to a data amender. The data amender obtainssupplemental data (SD) to supplement and amend the alter data withadditional information. The supplemental data (SD) may be resident withthe analytical telematics big data constructor 55 or external, forexample located on at least one supplemental information server 52, orlocated on at least one store and forward server 54 or in the Cloud andmay further be distributed. The data amender then provides the alterdata and the supplemental data to the data amalgamator. The dataamalgamator reassembles or formats the preserve data, alter data andsupplemental data (SD) to construct the analytical telematics big data(ATbD) in real time. The analytical telematics big data (ATbD) may thenbe communicated in real time, or streamed in real time, or stored inreal time for subsequent real time fleet management analytics. In anembodiment of the invention, the analytical telematics big data (ATbD)is communicated and streamed in real time to an analytics server 56having access to the Google BigQuery technology.

Referring now to FIG. 6b , another embodiment of the analyticaltelematics big data constructor 55 is described. In this embodiment, thedata segregator process the raw telematics big data (RTbD) into aplurality of distinct data (1, 2, 3, n) types or groups based upon thecategories. The plurality of preserve data is then provided to the dataamalgamator for assembly with the amended data for assembly into theanalytical telematics big data (ATbD).

Referring now to FIG. 6c , another embodiment of the analyticaltelematics big data constructor 55 is described. In this embodiment thedata segregator processes the raw telematics big data (RTbD) intopreserve data (category 1) and a plurality of distinct alter data (A, B,C, n) types or groups based upon the categories (2, 3, 4 and 5). Forexample, one category may be engine data that is in a machine format.This machine format may be translated into a human readable format.Another example may be another category of GPS data in a machine formatof latitude and longitude coordinates. This different machine format maybe augmented with human readable information. The alter data types areprovided to the data amender and the data amender obtains a plurality ofcorresponding supplemental data (SD) types (A, B, C, n). The dataamender then amends the alter data types with the correspondingsupplemental data types. The preserve data and the plurality of amendeddata is provided to the data amalgamator for assembly into theanalytical telematics big data (ATbD).

Persons skilled in the art appreciate that there may be one preservedata, one alter data, at least one preserve data, at least one alterdata in different combinations between the data segregator and dataamalgamator.

Analytical Telematics Big Data Constructor and Active Buffers

Another embodiment of the invention including at least one active bufferor blocking queue is described with reference to FIGS. 7a, 7b, and 7c .A first active buffer (see FIG. 7a ) may be disposed with the analyticaltelematics big data constructor 55. The first active buffer maytemporally retain at least one alter data. In an embodiment of theinvention, the first active buffer is disposed intermediate the datasegregator and data amalgamator. The first active buffer assists theanalytical telematics big data constructor 55. For example, theprocessing of the raw telematics big data (RTbD) in the data segregatormay be at a more constant rate in contrast to the processing of thealter data and supplemental data in the data amender. When a differencein processing rates occurs, or differences in timing, the first activebuffer may smooth intermittent heavy data loads and minimize any impactof peak demand on availability and responsiveness of the analyticaltelematics big data constructor 55 and external services andsupplemental data acquisition.

Alternatively, a second active double buffer or double blocking queue(see FIG. 7b ) may also be disposed with the analytical telematics bigdata constructor 55. The second active double buffer may temporallyretain the analytical telematics big data (ATbD). This may occur when acommunication or streaming request fails due to either network issues orexceptions with the analytics server 56. The analytical telematics bigdata (ATbD) is held in the second active double buffer such that thedata is available and communicated successfully to the analytics server56 in a real time order and sequence. In an embodiment of the invention,the second active double buffer is disposed after the data amalgamator.

Alternatively, another embodiment with active buffers is illustrated inFIG. 7c and includes both the first active buffer and the second activedouble buffer.

Supplemental Data, Translation Data & Augmentation Data

Another set of embodiments of the invention is illustrated with exampleclassifications or groups of supplemental data as shown with referenceto FIGS. 8a, 8b and 8c . The data segregator processes the rawtelematics big data (RTbD) into three types or streams of data. Thefirst type of data is preserve data that is passed directly to the dataamalgamator. A second type of data is alter translate data and the thirdtype of data is the alter augment data. The data amender for thisembodiment may be at least one data amender.

The alter translate data requires translation data. The data amenderobtains supplemental data (SD) in the form of translation data (TD) toamend the alter translate data. The translation data (TD) may beresident with the analytical telematics big data constructor 55 orexternal, for example located on at least one translation server 53.

The alter augment data requires augmentation data (AD). The data amenderobtains supplement data (SD) in the form of augmentation data to amendthe alter augment data. The augmentation data (AD) may be resident withthe analytical telematics big data constructor 55 or external, forexample located on at least one augmentation server 57. The dataamalgamator reassembles or formats the preserve data, amended translatedata and amended augment data to construct the analytical telematics bigdata (ATbD). The analytical telematics bid data (ATbD) may then becommunicated or streamed in real time or stored in real time forsubsequent real time fleet management analytics.

The embodiment in FIG. 8b is similar to the embodiment in FIG. 8a , butthe analytical telematics big data constructor 55 only providestranslation data and preserver data in the transformation to analyticaltelematics big data (ATbD). The embodiment in FIG. 8c is also similar tothe embodiment in FIG. 8a , but the analytical telematics big dataconstructor 55 only provides augmentation and preserve data in thetransformation to analytical telematics big data (ATbD). The alternativeembodiments of FIG. 8b and FIG. 8c are examples of analytical telematicsbig data constructors 55 dedicated to particular streams and categoriesof raw telematics big data (RTbD). Persons skilled in the art appreciatethe analytical telematics big data constructor may process preservedata, alter data, or a combination of preserve data and alter data.

Another set of embodiments of the invention includes example categoriesof supplemental data and active buffers. This is described withreference to FIGS. 9a, 9b and 9c . The data segregator processes the rawtelematics big data (RTbD) into three types of data. The first type ofdata is preserve data that is passed directly to the data amalgamator. Asecond type of data is alter translate data and the third type of datais the alter augment data. At least one active buffer is provided to theanalytical telematics big data generator 55 to buffer one of or both ofthe alter translate data and the alter augment data. The data amenderobtains supplemental in the form of translation data (TD) to amend thealter translate data and the supplemental data (SD) in the form ofaugmentation data (AD) to amend the alter augment data. The dataamalgamator reassembles or formats the preserve data, amended translatedata and the amended augment data to construct the analytical telematicsbig data (ATbD) that may then be communicated or streamed in real timeor stored in real time for subsequent real time fleet managementanalytics.

An example is described with respect to GPS data found in the rawtelematics big data (RTbD). GPS data contains a latitude and longitudeindication of a vehicle or mobile device. The GPS data may betransformed into analytical telematics bid data (ATbD) in two ways. TheGPS data may be transformed into a location such as a road, highway,street or address. Then an icon representing the vehicle may beassociated with a moving map 50 to provide a location of the vehicle.The GPS data may also be transformed into a network area or zone or cell51 or multiple areas or zones 51 (see FIG. 4). Then the iconrepresenting the vehicle may be also associated with a network area orzone 51 on the moving map 50.

The embodiment in FIG. 9b is similar to the embodiment in FIG. 9a , butthe analytical telematics big data constructor 55 only providestranslation data and preserve data in the transformation to analyticaltelematics big data (ATbD). The embodiment in FIG. 9c is also similar tothe embodiment in FIG. 9a , but the analytical telematics big dataconstructor 55 provides augmentation and preserve data in thetransformation to analytical telematics big data (ATbD). Thesealternative embodiments of FIG. 9b and FIG. 9c are also examples ofanalytical telematics big data constructors 55 dedicated to particularstreams and categories of raw telematics big data (RTbD).

The embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 10a, 10b and 10c are similar to theembodiments in FIGS. 9a, 9b and 9c and further include both the firstactive buffer and second active double buffer. The first active bufferis disposed in the analytical telematics big data constructor 55intermediate the data segregator and data amalgamator. The second activedouble buffer is disposed after the data amalgamator.

Analytical Telematics Big Data Constructor & Example Data Flow

FIG. 11 illustrates an embodiment of the invention with example dataflow through the analytical telematics big data constructor 55. In thisexample, the raw telematics big data (RTbD) includes category 1 data intwo subcategories. The first subcategory includes debug data and vehicleidentification number (VIN) data. The second subcategory includes enginespecific data. Category 2 data includes GPS data and category 3 dataincludes accelerometer data.

The raw telematics big data (RTbD) including category 1 (andsubcategories), 2, and 3 is provided to the data segregator. The datasegregator identifies preserve data from the raw telematics big data(RTbD). The preserve data includes the portions of category 1 data(debug data and vehicle identification number (VIN) data) and thecategory 3 accelerometer data. This preserve data is provided directlyto the data amalgamator.

The data segregator also identifies alter translate data and includes aportion of the category 1 data (engine specific data). The translationdata (TD) required includes at least one of fault code data, standardfault code data, non-standard fault code data, error descriptions,warning descriptions and diagnostic information. The data amender thenprovides the alter translate data and translation data (TD) in the formof amended engine data.

The data segregator also identifies alter augment data and includes thecategory 2 data (GPS data). The argumentation data (AD) requiredincludes at least one of postal code or zip code data, street addressdata, contact data, network zone data, network area data, or networkcell data. The data amender then provides the alter augment data andaugmentation data in the form of amended GPS data.

The data amalgamator then assembles or formats and provides theanalytical telematics big data (ATbD) in real time. The analyticaltelematics big data (ATbD) includes debug data, vehicle identificationnumber (VIN) data, accelerometer data, engine data, at lease one offault code data, standard fault code data, non-standard fault code data,error descriptions, warning descriptions, diagnostic information, GPSdata and at least one of postal code data, zip code data, street addressdata, or contact data.

Categories of Data, Example Data & Supplemental Data

Table 1 provides an example list of categories of raw telematics data,example data for each category and an indication for any supplementaldata required by each category. Category 1 is illustrated as a pair ofsub-categories 1a and 1b but may also be organized into two separatecategories. Table 1 is an example where the raw telematics data includesdifferent groups or types of similar data in the form of data subsets.

TABLE 1 Example Raw, Augment and Translate Data. Category CategorySupplemental Data Number Type Example Data Example Augment Data ExampleTranslate Data  1a Raw Vehicle Manufacturer Not required. Not required.Data indications for VIN, or debug data.  1b Engine status data Notrequired. Fault descriptions, or engine fault odometer value, fuel anddata. Fault data air metering, ignition may be GO device system,emissions, specific data and vehicle speed control, vehicle specificidle control, data. transmission, current speed, engine RPM, batteryvoltages, pedal positions, tire pressure, oil level, airbag status,seatbelt indications, emission control data, engine temperature, intakemanifold pressure, braking information, fuel levels, or mass air flowvalues. 2 Raw GPS Data Latitude and Postal codes, zip codes, Notrequired. longitude street names, addresses, or coordinates commercialbusinesses or communication network zone or cell or area data. 3 Raw Oneor two or three Not required. Not required. Accelerometer dimensionalvalues Data. for g-force in at least one axis or direction. 4 RawExpander Sensor or Not required. Traffic data, hours of Data.manufacturer service data, driver specific data, identification data,sensor data, near distance data, time data, field communication amountsof material data. (solid, liquid), truck scale weight data, driverdistraction data, remote worker data, school bus warning lightactivation, or door open/closed. 5 Raw Beacon One or two- Not required.Object damage or Object Data dimensional values hazardous conditions forg-force in at have occurred. least one axis or direction, temperatures,battery level value, pressure, luminance and user defined sensor data.

Persons skilled in the art appreciate other categories, orsub-categories of raw telematics big data (RTbD) and other categories orsub-categories of supplement data (SD) may be included and transformedinto analytical telematics big data (ATbD) by the analytical telematicsbig data constructor 55 of the present invention.

State Machine Representation

Referring now to FIGS. 12a, 12b, and 12c , a state machinerepresentation of the logic associated with the analytical bigtelematics constructor 55 is described. There are four states to thelogic that operate concurrently and in parallel. There may further bemultiple instances of each state. The initial state is the datasegregator state. The logic of the data segregator state is to filter,identify and separate the raw telematics big data (RTbD) into preservedata and alter data. The data segregator state waits for receipt of alog or portion of raw telematics big data (RTbD). Upon receipt, the datasegregator processes the raw telematics big data (RTbD) into either atleast one preserve data path or at least one alter data path. The rawtelematics big data (RTbD) in the at least one preserve data path isoptionally provided to a first active buffer or directly to the dataamalgamator state. The raw telematics big data (RTbD) in the alter datapath is optionally provided to a first active buffer or directly to thedata amender state. Then, the data segregator state waits for receipt ofthe next log or portion of raw telematics big data (RTbD).

In an example embodiment of the invention, category 1a and 3 arepreserve data and are provided to the data amalgamator state. Category1b, 2, 4 and 5 are alter data and are provided to the data amenderstate.

The logic of the data amender state is to identify each category ofalter data and associate a category of supplemental data with eachcategory of alter data and provide amended data (alter data andsupplemental data) to the data amalgamator state. The data amender statewaits for receipt of a portion of raw telematics big data (RTbD) that isidentified as alter data. Then, the data amender state obtainssupplemental data for the alter data. This occurs for each category ofalter data and associated supplemental data. Finally, the data amenderstate provides the amended data (each alter and each supplemental data)to the data amalgamator state.

In an embodiment of the invention, the data amender state has twosub-states, the translate data state and the augment data state. Thetranslate data state obtains translate data for particular categories ofalter data that require a translation. The augment data state obtainsaugment data for particular categories of alter data that requireaugmentation. Persons skilled in the art appreciate other sub-states maybe added to the data amender state.

In an example embodiment of the invention Category 2 requires augmentdata and category 1b, 4 and 5 require translate data. Example augmentdata and translate data are previously illustrated in Table 1.

The logic of the data amalgamator state is to assemble, or format, orintegrate the preserve data, alter data and supplemental data into theanalytical telematics big data (ATbD). The data amalgamator statereceives the preserve data from the data segregator and the amended datafrom the data amender state. The preserve data is processed into theformat for the analytical telematics big data (ATbD). The analytical bigtelematics data (ATbD) in the preserve data path is optionally providedto a second active double buffer or directly to the data amalgamatorstate.

The logic of the data transfer state is to communicate or store orstream the analytical big telematics data (ATbD) to an analytics server56 or a Cloud computing based resource. The data transfer state receivesthe analytical big telematics data (ATbD) either directly from the dataamalgamator state or indirectly from the second active double buffer.The analytical big telematics data (ATbD) is then provided to theanalytics server 56 or the Cloud computing based resource.

Process Logic & Tasks

The process logic and tasks of the present invention are described withreference to FIGS. 13a, 13b, 13c, 13d, 13e and 13f . The data segregatorstate logic and tasks begins by obtaining in real time a log of rawtelematics big data (RTbD). The log of raw telematics big data (RTbD) issegregated into at least one preserve data category and at least onealter data category. In an embodiment of the invention, there is thanone preserve data category, and no alter category etc. The preserve datais made available to the data amalgamator. The at least one alter datais made available to the data amender. The process logic and tasks mayauto scale as required for the log of raw telematics big data (RTbD).The data segregator state logic and tasks may be either sequentialprocessing or parallel processing or a combination of sequential andparallel processing.

The process logic and tasks for the data amender state logic and tasksbegins by obtaining the at least one alter data from the datasegregator. For each of the at least one alter data, the correspondingsupplemental data is obtained. Each of the at least one alter data isamended with the corresponding supplemental data to form at least oneamended data. The at least one amended data is made available to thedata amender. The process logic and tasks may auto scale as required foreither the alter data and/or the supplemental data.

The process logic and tasks for the data amalgamator state logic andtasks begins by obtaining the at least one preserve data from the datasegregator and the at least one amended data from the data amender. Theat least one preserve data and the at least one amended data isamalgamated to form the analytical telematics big data. The processlogic and tasks may auto scale as required either for the at least onepreserve data and/or the at least one amended data. The data amalgamatorstate logic and tasks may be either sequential processing or parallelprocessing or a combination of sequential and parallel processing.

The process logic and tasks for the data transfer state logic and tasksbegins by obtaining the analytical telematics big data (ATbD) from thedata amalgamator. The analytical telematics big data (ATbD) iscommunicated or streamed to an analytical server or Cloud basedresource. The process logic and tasks may auto scale as required for theanalytical telematics big data (ATbD).

Load Balancing

Another broad feature of the present invention is described withreference to FIGS. 3, 6 b, 7 c, 12 b, 13 a, 13 b, 13 c, 13 d, 13 e and13 f. As illustrated on the map 50, many different vehicles 11 can beoperational at any given time throughout the world in many differenttime zones all monitoring, logging and communicating raw telematics datato a analytical telematics big data constructor 55 in real time. Thecategories and type of raw telematics data (see Table 1.) may also varygreatly dependent upon the specific configurations of each vehicle 11(vehicular telemetry hardware system 30, intelligent I/O expanders 50,devices 60, Bluetooth modules 45 and Bluetooth Beacons 21 associatedwith a plurality of objects). This results in a unique big datavelocity, timing, variety and amount of raw telematics data thatcollectively forms the raw telematics big data (RTbD) entering the datasegregator of the analytical telematics big data constructor 55. This iscollectively referred to as a raw telematics big data (RTbD) load.

There are also many different types of supplemental data (SD) requiredby the data amender available from many different locations and remotesources. The supplemental data (SD) is also dependent upon the portionor mix of raw telematics big data (RTbD). This results in another uniquebig data velocity, timing, variety and amount of supplemental data (SD)(see Table 1 augment data and translate data) required by the dataamender. This is collectively referred to as a supplemental data load.

Communicating or streaming the analytical telematics big data (ATbD) toan analytics server 56 or a Cloud based resource is also dependent uponthe analytics server 56 or Cloud based resources ability to receive theanalytical telematics big data (ATbD). This results in another big dataunique velocity, timing, variety and availability to communicate orstream the analytical telematics big data (ATbD). This is collectivelyreferred to as an analytical telematics big data (ATbD) load.

The end result is a plurality of potential imbalances for the load,velocity, timing variety and amount of raw telematics big data (RTbD),supplemental data (SD) and analytical telematics big data (ATbD).Therefore, the analytical telematics big data constructor 55, finitestate machine, process and tasks of the present invention must be ableto deal in real time with this imbalance in real time.

In an embodiment of the invention, this imbalance is resolved by theunique arrangement of the pipelines, filters and tasks associated withthe analytical telematics big data constructor 55. This uniquearrangement permits load balancing and scaling when imbalances occur inthe system. For example, the pipelines, filters and tasks may bedynamically increased or decreased (concurrent instances) based upon thereal time load. The data is standardized into specific formats for eachof the finite states, logic, resources, processes and tasks. Thisincludes the raw telematics big data (RTbD) format, the supplementaldata (SD) format, the preserve data format, the alter data format, theaugment data (AD) format, translation data (TD) format and theanalytical telematics big data (ATbD) format. In addition, a uniquepipeline structure is provided for the analytical telematics bid dataconstructor 55 to balance the load in the system. The raw telematics bigdata enters the analytical telematics big data constructor through afirst pipeline to the data segregator. The data segregator then passesdata through at least two pipelines as preserve data and alter data. Thealter data pipeline may further include additional pipelines (A, B, C,n). The alter data pipelines feed into the data amender with thecorresponding supplemental data (SD) pipelines. The amended datapipelines and the preserve data feed into the data amalgamator andfinally, the analytical telematics bid data (ATbD) feeds into thecommunication or streaming pipeline. This architecture of telematicsspecific pipelines permits running parallel and multiple instances ofthe data segregator state, the data amender state, the data amalgamatorstate and the data streaming state enabling the system to spread theload and improve the throughput of the analytical telematics bid dataconstructor 55. This also assists with balancing the system insituations where the data, for example raw telematics bid data (RTbD)and the supplemental data (SD) are not in the same geographicallocation.

In another embodiment of the invention, this imbalance is resolved bythe application of the first active buffer and/or the second activebuffer either alone or in combination. The first active buffer handlesthe imbalance between the raw telematics big data (RTbD) and thesupplemental data (SD). The second active buffer handles the potentialimbalance when communicating or streaming the analytical telematics bigdata (ATbD) to an analytics server 56 or a Cloud based resource. Thebuffers may scale up or down dependent upon the needs of the analyticaltelematics big data constructor 55.

In another embodiment of the invention, this imbalance is resolved bythe layout of the finite state machine, the logic, the resources, theprocess and the tasks of the process through a unique and specifictelematics computing resource consolidation.

The data segregator state, logic, process and tasks automatically dealwith scalability of the raw telematics big data (RTbD) and associatedprocessing tasks to filter the data into preserve data and alter data.This includes both scaling up or down dependent upon the correspondingload required by the raw telematics big data (RTbD) and the amount ofprocessing required to segregate portions of the data into preserve dataor alter data. Additional instances of the data segregator state, logic,process and tasks may be automatically started or stopped according tothe load, demand or communication requirements.

The data amender state, logic, process and tasks automatically deal withthe scalability with the supplemental data (SD). This includes bothscaling up or down dependent upon the corresponding load required by thesupplement data (SD) and the amount of processing required to amend eachalter data. Additional instances of the data amender state, logic,process and tasks may be automatically started or stopped according tothe load, demand or communication requirements.

The data amalgamator state, logic process and tasks automatically dealwith the scalability with the preserve data, amended data and ability tocommunicate or stream the analytical telematics big data (ATbD) to ananalytics server 56 or Cloud based computing resource. Additionalinstances of the data amalgamator state, logic, process and tasks may beautomatically started or stopped according to the load, demand orcommunication requirements.

The analytical telematics big data constructor 55 enables real timeinsight based upon the real time analytical telematics big data. Forexample, the data may be applied to monitor the number of Geotab GOdevices currently connecting to the special purpose server 19 andcompare that to the number of GO devices that is expected to beconnected at any given time during the day; or be able to use the realtime analytical telematics big data to monitor the GO devices that areconnecting to their special purpose server 19 from each cellular orsatellite network provider. Using this data, managers are able todetermine if a particular network carrier is having issues for proactivenotification with customers that may be affected by the carrier'soutage.

Real Time Network Communication Fault Determination

The big telematics data communication fault monitoring system is nextdescribed with respect to FIG. 4 and FIG. 11. Each mobile devicecommunicates to the remove device in the form of raw telematics big data(RTbD). This data includes GPS data that is identified for amendment.The amendment includes augmentation data in the form of postal codes, orZIP codes, or street address, or names of contacts or addresses topermit associating a vehicle location on a map 50. The amendment alsoincludes augmentation data in the form of network areas or network zonesor networks cells 51 to permit associating a vehicle location within acommunication network and the overlay of the area or zone or cell 51 ona map 50. In an embodiment of the invention, the augmentation data is acell identification number used to identify a base transceiver stationor sector of a base transceiver station within a location area code. Thecell identification number pertains to GSM, CDMA, UMTS, LTE, WiFi andother forms of communication networks. In addition, the augmentationdata may further include mobile network codes and the identificationnumber of the carrier or operator. The identification numbers areavailable from a number of different databases and service providers.

As illustrated in FIG. 4, the map 50 illustrates a number of iconsrepresentative of vehicles (A through K) moving in real time. There arethree network zones or areas 51 also overlaid on the map 50. In onecommunication zone or area 51, there is vehicle D. In anothercommunication zone or area 51, there are vehicles A, B, C, E, and H. Inanother communication zone or area 51 there are vehicles I, J, and K.And finally, vehicles F and G are not associated with a communicationzone or area 51.

If a mobile device associated with vehicle D were to ceasecommunication, it may be a communication fault with the mobile deviceassociated with vehicle D or it may be a fault with the communicationnetwork. If mobile devices associated vehicles A, B, C, E and H ceasecommunication, the most likely fault is with respect to thecommunication network zone or area associated with these vehicles.Likewise, if mobile devices associated with vehicles I, J, and K were tocease communication, the most likely fault is with respect to thecommunication network zone or area associated with these vehicles.However, if mobile devices associated with vehicles F and G were tocease communication, this would be expected as the vehicles are notlonger associated within a communication zone or area.

Referring now to FIG. 14a , a state representation for determining acommunication fault based upon expected communication and actualcommunication is next described. There are two primary states, theremote device communication fault determination state and the mobiledevice expected communication mode state. The mobile device expectedcommunication mode state includes an active mode sub-state and aninactive mode sub-state. The inactive mode state, representative oftiered power saving modes for the mobile device further include twosub-states, a sleep state and a deep sleep state.

The remote device communication fault determination state and the mobiledevice expected communication mode state are asynchronous and may beconcurrent or non-concurrent. The remote device communication faultdetermination state provides a determination of a potentialcommunication fault by comparing the total number of expectedcommunications from a plurality of mobile devices with the actual numberof communications in a particular time frame sample.

The active mode occurs when a mobile device is fully powered up andoperational. The active mode provides a first periodic frequency ofcommunication, or a first expected communication for the remote device.In an embodiment of the invention, the first frequency of communicationis every 100 seconds and persons skilled in the art will appreciate thatthe first frequency of communication may include other different values.

The inactive mode occurs when a mobile device is powered down into atleast one power saving mode. The sleep sub-state or mode is a firstpower saving mode and it provides a second periodic frequency ofcommunication, or second expected communication for the remote device.In an embodiment of the invention, the second frequency of communicationis every 30 minutes, or 1800 seconds and persons skilled in the art willalso appreciate that the second frequency of communication may includeother different values. The deep sleep sub-state or mode is a secondpower saving mode and it provides a third periodic frequency ofcommunication, or third expected communication for the remote device. Inan embodiment of the invention, the second frequency of communication isevery 24 hours, or 86,400 seconds and persons skilled in the art willalso appreciate that the third frequency of communication may includeother different values.

The three frequency of communications provide three known expectedcommunication time frames, or thresholds for the remote device. Theexpected communication could be in the form of a signal, data, and/or amessage dependent upon the mobile device. For example, if the mobiledevice is ready to communicate a log of data, the communication could bein the form of data. If the mobile device is not ready to communicate alog of data, the communication could be in the form of a message with adevice id.

The remote device communication fault determination logic tracks andsums the expected connections based upon the mobile device expectedcommunication mode states and as illustrated in Table 2 may include aplurality of mobile devices operating with the first frequency ofcommunication, or a plurality of mobile devices operating with thesecond frequency of communication, or a plurality of mobile devicesoperating with the third frequency of communication as well ascombinations of the first, second and third frequencies ofcommunication.

TABLE 2 Example Expected Communication For A Number Of Mobile Devices.Active Mode Ignition Inactive Mode State “ON” Ignition State “Off” FirstSecond Third Frequency Frequency Frequency Period Period Period ExpectedExpected Expected Fault Communication Communication CommunicationExpected Determination Count Count Count Connection Time Frame (100 s)(1800 s) (82,400 s) Sum 0001 ✓ 1 0002 ✓ ✓ 2 0003 ✓ 1 0004 ✓ 1 0005 ✓ 10006 ✓ ✓ ✓ 3 0007 ✓ ✓ 2 0008 ✓ ✓ 2 0009 ✓ 1 000n

Referring now to FIG. 14b , the data preprocessing for determining acommunication fault based upon expected communication and a period ofactual communication is described. Different types and categories ofdata are preprocessed in real time to create the analytical telematicsbig data (ATbD) used for determining a network communication fault. Thepreprocessing may be with a special purpose server 19, or anothercomputing device 20. The GO device data log (RTbD) is historical dataover a period of time and includes at least one GPS data and anindication of the vehicle status. The supplemental data (SD) includeslocation data and network data. The GO device data log (RTbD) iscombined with the supplemental data (SD) to form the analytical data(ATbD). The supplemental data may be sourced internally with the systemor externally to the system. In an embodiment of the invention the, theGPS data is in the form of latitude and longitude coordinates, includinga time indication, and the vehicle status data is an engine on or offindication or another indication representative of an active mode andinactive mode for the mobile device. In an embodiment of the invention,the location data may include at least one of a postal code, a ZIP code,a street address, a road indication, a highway indication, a name,contact information or a phone number. In an embodiment of theinvention, the network data may include at least one of a serviceprovider name, a network area, a network zone or a network cellindication.

The preprocessing of data may include an auto scale capability tobalance the real time streaming of the data. In embodiments of theinvention, the auto scale capability may be a buffer, a double buffer ora combination of a buffer and double buffer.

Referring now to FIG. 15, the mobile device expected communicationperiod determination logic is described. The mobile device detects thevehicle status. In an embodiment of the invention, the detection occursbetween the interface 36 of the vehicular telemetry hardware system 30and the vehicle network communications bus 37. After the vehicle statushas been detected, the vehicle status is checked to determine if thestatus is true or false. In an embodiment of the invention, the vehiclestatus is a code for “ignition on” and if the status is “on”, the checkis true or if the status is “off”, the check is false. If the check istrue, then the active mode is set to indicate a first communicationperiod.

If the check is false, then the inactive mode is set. For the casewherein there are a plurality of power saving modes, a subsequent checkis made with respect to an inactive period threshold. If the thresholdhas not been reached (indicative of a first power saving mode), then asecond communication period is set. If the threshold has been reached(indicative of a second power saving mode), then a third communicationperiod is set.

Once the first or second or third communication periods have been set orre-set between the periods based upon the logic, the mobile devicecommunicates with a remote device based upon one of the communicationperiods as an expected communication. The vehicle status is checked todetermine if the vehicle status has changed. Then, the mobile deviceexpected communication period determination logic is executed in eachmobile device. In an embodiment of the invention, the mobile deviceexpected communication period determination logic is also a firstasynchronous process.

Referring now to FIG. 16a , the remote device active/inactivedetermination logic for each mobile device is next described. The remotedevice establishes a sample time frame or timing to check and determinethe presence of one or more communication faults. Then, the remotedevice receives mobile device logs of data from each of the remotedevices within the sample time frame. For each device log of data, theprevious log is decoded to identify the vehicle status indicator fromthe log. If the vehicle status is true, then the remote devicedetermines the mobile device is in an active mode. If the vehicle statusis false, then the remote device determines the mobile device is in aninactive mode. The remote device may then track each mobile device andthe corresponding state of active or inactive.

Referring now to FIG. 16b , the remote device expected communicationdetermination logic for each mobile device is described. The remotedevice receives a plurality of mobile device logs of data within thecommunication time frame sample. For each log of data, the vehiclestatus is determined. If the vehicle status is true, then the mobiledevice is in an active mode with an expected communication of a firstfrequency period. If the vehicle status if false, then the inactiveperiod threshold is checked. If the threshold has not been reached, thenthe mobile device is in an inactive mode with an expected communicationof a second frequency period. If the threshold has been reached, thenthe mobile device is in an inactive mode with an expected communicationof a third frequency period. The remote device tracks each mobile devicemode, expected communication and frequency period for use and comparisonwith receipt of the next set of mobile device logs in the nextcommunication time frame sample for comparison with the next number ofactual communications from the mobile devices.

In an embodiment of the invention, the remote device active/inactivedetermination logic for each mobile device and the remote deviceexpected communication period determination logic are also a secondasynchronous concurrent process.

Referring now to FIG. 16c , the remote device expected and actualcommunication fault determination logic is described. When thecommunication time frame sample period has been reached, determine thetotal number of expected connections. The total number of expectedconnections is the sum of the number of mobile devices in an active modewith an expected connection of a first frequency period plus the numberof mobile devices in an inactive mode with an expected connection of asecond frequency period. Alternatively, the total number of expectedconnections may also include the number of devices in an inactive modewith an expected connection of a third frequency period.

A comparison is made with respect to the total number of actualconnections with the number of mobile devices that actually connected.When the total number of expected connections is equal to the totalnumber of actual connections, there is no fault with the communications.When the total number of expected connections is not equal to the totalnumber of actual connections, there is a fault with the communications.When there is a fault with the communications, for each mobile devicethat did not connect, access the augmented GPS coordinates from the dataand compare with the coordinates with a network zone, or area or cell todetermine the location of the fault in the network.

Referring now to FIG. 17, the remote device network communication faultdetermination logic is described. For each communication faultdetermination associated with a mobile device, determine the augmentedGPS coordinates from the data for the mobile device that was expected tocommunicate and did not communicate. Determine the network area or zoneor cell based upon the augmented GPS coordinates from the data.Alternatively, determine the network area or zone or cell based upon theGPS coordinates from the log of data and supplemental data or augmenteddata. Correlate the mobile device location based upon the GPScoordinates with the network area or zone or cell based upon the GPScoordinates of the mobile device or alternatively the GPS coordinatesand the supplemental data or augmented data. Provide a fault indicationin relationship to each mobile device that did not communicate and thenetwork area or zone or cell. Repeat for each mobile device that did notcommunicate when expected to communicate.

The fault indication may be in the form of a graphic indication on themap 50 identifying the mobile device(s) and the associated network areaor zone or cell. Alternatively, the fault indication may be a textualmessage or an audio message indicating the fault and associated networkarea or zone or cell or report.

Summary

In summary, the big telematics data network communication faultidentification system includes a number of specialized computingcomponents based upon hardware, firmware, software, mobile devices,remote devices, telematics technology and telecommunications technology.Embodiments of the present invention, including the devices, system andmethods, individually and/or collectively provide one or more technicaleffects. Ability to provide deeper business insight and analysis in realtime based upon the faster availability of the analytical real timetelematics big data. Improving the network communication faultdetermination response time based upon access in real time to analyticalreal time telematics big data (ATbD). Faster access to analyticaltelematics big data (ATbD) and a shorter cycle time to networkcommunication fault information. Access to a diverse set ofmulti-petabytes of data in a single cloud data source to support networkcommunication fault determination analytics. Real time telematics bigdata that may incorporate translation data and alter data in thetransformation to analytical telematics big data (ATbD). Real timetelematics big data that may further incorporate augmentation data andalter data in the transformation to analytical telematics big data(ATbD). In an example embodiment of the invention, identifyingunpredictable network communication fault determination issues. Adevice, system and methods capable of pre-processing raw telematics bigdata (RTbD) logs in real time according to the specific needs andrequirements for specific data types contained in the logs.

While the present invention has been described with respect to thenon-limiting embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention isnot limited to the disclosed embodiments. Persons skilled in the artunderstand that the disclosed invention is intended to cover variousmodifications and equivalent arrangements included within the scope ofthe appended claims. Thus, the present invention should not be limitedby any of the described embodiments.

1.-17. (canceled)
 18. At least one non-transitory computer-readablestorage medium storing processor-executable instructions that, whenexecuted by at least one processor of a remote device, causes the atleast one processor to perform a method for monitoring faults in one ormore network zones, the method comprising: determining, by the at leastone processor of the remote device, an expected communication rate for anetwork zone, wherein determining the expected communication ratecomprises: determining a device expected communication rate for eachmobile device disposed in the network zone, wherein determining thedevice expected communication rate comprises determining whether themobile device is in an active state or an inactive state; anddetermining the expected communication rate for the network zone basedon the device expected communication rate determined for each mobiledevice disposed in the network zone; and determining, by the at leastone processor of the remote device, whether the network zone isexperiencing a fault, where the determining comprises: comparing for afirst time frame an actual communication rate for the network zone,reflecting communications from each mobile device disposed in thenetwork zone, to said expected communication rate for the network zone;and indicating the fault in the network zone when said actualcommunication rate is not equal to said expected communication ratewithin said first time frame.
 19. The least one non-transitorycomputer-readable storage medium of claim 18, wherein determiningwhether the mobile device is in the active mode or in the inactive modecomprises determining a vehicle status of a vehicle associated with themobile device.
 20. The least one non-transitory computer-readablestorage medium of claim 19, wherein determining the vehicle statuscomprises receiving, from the mobile device, an indication of thevehicle status.
 21. The least one non-transitory computer-readablestorage medium of claim 20, wherein said vehicle status is an ignitionstatus indication for the vehicle.
 22. The least one non-transitorycomputer-readable storage medium of claim 18, wherein determining thedevice expected communication rate comprises: in response to determiningthat the mobile device is in an active state, setting the deviceexpected communication rate for the mobile device to a first rate, andin response to determining that the mobile device is in an inactivestate, setting the device expected communication rate for the mobiledevice to one of at least one lower rate lower than the first rate. 23.The least one non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim22, wherein said first rate is at least one communication with saidremote device in each of at least one period of 100 seconds.
 24. Theleast one non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 23,wherein said inactive state includes a sleep state associated with asecond rate of the at least one lower rate, and the second rate is atleast one communication with said remote device in each of at least oneperiod of 1800 seconds.
 25. The least one non-transitorycomputer-readable storage medium of claim 24, wherein said inactivestate includes a deep sleep state associated with a third rate of the atleast one lower rate, the third rate is lower than the second rate, andthe third rate is at least one communication with said remote device ineach of at least one period of 86,400 seconds.
 26. The least onenon-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 22, wherein:the method further comprises, for each mobile device, in response todetermining that the mobile device is in the inactive state, determiningwhether the mobile device is in a first power saving mode or a secondpower saving mode.
 27. The least one non-transitory computer-readablestorage medium of claim 26, wherein: setting the device expectedcommunication rate to the one of at least one lower rate comprises:setting the device expected communication rate to a second rate, of theat least one lower rate, in response to a determination that the mobiledevice is the first power saving mode; and setting the device expectedcommunication rate to a third rate, of the at least one lower rate, thatis lower than the second rate, in response to determining that themobile device is in the second power saving mode.
 28. The least onenon-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 27, whereindetermining whether the mobile device is in the first power saving modeor the second power saving mode comprises: determining that the mobiledevice is in the first power saving mode in response to determining thatthe mobile device is in the inactive state; and determining that themobile device is in the second power saving mode in response todetermining that more than a threshold period of time has elapsed sincethe mobile device was determined to be in the inactive state.
 29. Theleast one non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 18,wherein: one or more mobile devices are disposed in the network zone;determining the expected communication rate for the network zone basedon the device expected communication rate determined for each mobiledevice disposed in the network zone comprises determining, for each timeframe of a plurality of time frames and based upon the device expectedcommunication rate for each mobile device, a total number ofcommunications expected to be received in the time frame from the one ormore mobile devices, the plurality of time frames including the firsttime frame; the method further comprises determining the actualcommunication rate for the network zone for the first time frame,wherein determining the actual communication rate comprises determininga total number of communications received in the first time frame fromthe one or more mobile devices; and comparing for the first time framethe actual communication rate for the network zone to said expectedcommunication rate comprises comparing the actual communication rate forthe first time frame to the expected communication rate determined forthe first time frame.
 30. The least one non-transitory computer-readablestorage medium of claim 29, further comprising: indicating thecommunication fault in the network zone when said actual communicationrate is not equal to said expected communication rate within said firstone time frame.
 31. The least one non-transitory computer-readablestorage medium of claim 29, wherein: the expected communication raterelates to a total number of network connections expected to beestablished by one or more mobile devices disposed within the networkzone within a period of time; the device expected communication raterelates to a total number of network connections expected to beestablished by the mobile device disposed within the network zone withinthe period of time; and the actual communication rate relates to a totalnumber of network connections established by the one or more mobiledevices within the period of time.
 32. A remote device comprising: atleast one processor; and at least one non-transitory computer-readablestorage medium storing processor-executable instructions that, whenexecuted by the at least one processor, causes the at least oneprocessor to perform a method for monitoring faults in one or morenetwork zones, the method comprising: determining, by the at least oneprocessor, an expected communication rate for a network zone, whereindetermining the expected communication rate comprises: determining adevice expected communication rate for each mobile device disposed inthe network zone, wherein determining the device expected communicationrate comprises determining whether the mobile device is in an activestate or an inactive state; and determining the expected communicationrate for the network zone based on the device expected communicationrate determined for each mobile device disposed in the network zone; anddetermining, by the at least one processor, whether the network zone isexperiencing a fault, where the determining comprises: comparing for afirst time frame an actual communication rate for the network zone,reflecting communications from each mobile device disposed in thenetwork zone, to said expected communication rate for the network zone;and indicating the fault in the network zone when said actualcommunication rate is not equal to said expected communication ratewithin said first time frame.
 33. The remote device of claim 32, whereindetermining whether the mobile device is in the active mode or in theinactive mode comprises determining a vehicle status of a vehicleassociated with the mobile device.
 34. The remote device of claim 32,wherein determining the device expected communication rate comprises: inresponse to determining that the mobile device is in an active state,setting the device expected communication rate for the mobile device toa first rate, and in response to determining that the mobile device isin an inactive state, setting the device expected communication rate forthe mobile device to one of at least one lower rate lower than the firstrate.
 35. The remote device of claim 34, wherein: the method furthercomprises, for each mobile device, in response to determining that themobile device is in the inactive state, determining whether the mobiledevice is in a first power saving mode or a second power saving mode.36. The remote device of claim 35, wherein: setting the device expectedcommunication rate to the one of at least one lower rate comprises:setting the device expected communication rate to a second rate, of theat least one lower rate, in response to a determination that the mobiledevice is the first power saving mode; and setting the device expectedcommunication rate to a third rate, of the at least one lower rate, thatis lower than the second rate, in response to determining that themobile device is in the second power saving mode.
 37. The remote deviceof claim 36, wherein determining whether the mobile device is in thefirst power saving mode or the second power saving mode comprises:determining that the mobile device is in the first power saving mode inresponse to determining that the mobile device is in the inactive state;and determining that the mobile device is in the second power savingmode in response to determining that more than a threshold period oftime has elapsed since the mobile device was determined to be in theinactive state.
 38. The remote device of claim 32, wherein: one or moremobile devices are disposed in the network zone; determining theexpected communication rate for the network zone based on the deviceexpected communication rate determined for each mobile device disposedin the network zone comprises determining, for each time frame of aplurality of time frames and based upon the device expectedcommunication rate for each mobile device, a total number ofcommunications expected to be received in the time frame from the one ormore mobile devices, the plurality of time frames including the firsttime frame; the method further comprises determining the actualcommunication rate for the network zone for the first time frame,wherein determining the actual communication rate comprises determininga total number of communications received in the first time frame fromthe one or more mobile devices; comparing for the first time frame theactual communication rate for the network zone to said expectedcommunication rate comprises comparing the actual communication rate forthe first time frame to the expected communication rate determined forthe first time frame; and indicating the communication fault in thenetwork zone when said actual communication rate is not equal to saidexpected communication rate within said first one time frame.
 39. Atleast one non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storingprocessor-executable instructions that, when executed by at least oneprocessor of a remote device, causes the at least one processor toperform a method for monitoring faults in one or more network zones, themethod comprising: determining, by the at least one processor of theremote device, an expected communication rate for a network zone,wherein determining the expected communication rate comprises:determining a device expected communication rate for a mobile devicedisposed in the network zone; and determining the expected communicationrate for the network zone, wherein determining the expectedcommunication rate for the network zone comprises determining based atleast in part on the device expected communication rate determined forthe mobile device disposed in the network zone; and determining, by theat least one processor of the remote device, whether the network zone isexperiencing a fault, where the determining comprises: comparing for afirst time frame an actual communication rate for the network zone,reflecting communications from one or more mobile devices disposed inthe network zone, to said expected communication rate for the networkzone, the one or more mobile devices disposed in the network zonecomprising the mobile device; and indicating the fault in the networkzone when said actual communication rate is not equal to said expectedcommunication rate within said first time frame.
 40. The at least onenon-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 39, whereindetermining the device expected communication rate comprises determiningwhether the mobile device is in an active state or an inactive state.